Archive for August, 2008

Get amazing airplane views: 7 tips

Sunday, August 31st, 2008

I’m strapping myself in for a ride to the edge of the sky. Outside my porthole, the ground crew is preparing the vehicle for launch. The entry hatch is sealed, the mobile gantry pulled away. All systems are go. Soon, powerful thrusters will accelerate us to more than 500 miles per hour. At the peak of our trajectory, we will soar above about 80 percent of the atmosphere. The view of Earth will be panoramic.

Then the person behind me kicks my seat. Somewhere in the cabin a baby starts to cry. The college kid next to me slouches in her seat and flips through a magazine. Okay, so maybe a morning flight from JFK to Chicago isn’t all that glamorous. But think about it: At a time when people are lining up to pay $200,000 for suborbital rocket rides, I can soar to thirty or forty thousand feet for a fraction of the price — with beverages and pretzels thrown in for free. Now that’s a deal.

I didn’t used to care about looking out airplane windows. Like a lot of people, I stuck to aisle seats and spent most of my time wishing I were back on the ground. Then I took an introductory flying lesson and got hooked on small planes. Working toward my pilot’s license, I learned pilotage, the art of figuring out where you are by studying what you see on the ground.

It’s surprisingly hard: things don’t always appear quite like you expect them to. But once you learn to understand the view from on high, the once-incomprehensible jumble becomes infused with meaning and, by extension, beauty. After learning how to interpret the landscape, flying wasn’t just transportation anymore. It was a real-life IMAX show.

The view from above, in seven easy steps

CHOOSE A WINDOW SEAT. And avoid sitting over the wing! When you’re making reservations online, keep a tab open to SeatGuru, a Web site with charts on every type of aircraft operated by every major carrier, including details on wing location.

DO A LITTLE RESEARCH. The more you know, the more you’ll see. A superb reference is “America from the Air” by Daniel Mathews and James S. Jackson, which includes annotated aerial photos of topography across the United States and explanations of the predominant landforms. The book also comes with a CD-ROM of the major continental air routes. T+L.com: Top 10 vintage airline ads

PLOT YOUR COURSE. Type your route into Google Earth for a virtual flyover, and you’ll get a rough idea of what’s in store. The Web site fboweb.com generates Google Earth views of exact routes using up-to-the-minute FAA flight-tracking data. If you zoom in and tilt at the right angle, the view of the virtual globe looks just like what you’ll see out the airplane window.

PACK YOUR LAPTOP. For the sake of knowing exactly what I’m looking at, I like to bring a computer with flight-planning software that electronically plots a route from origin to destination via the navigational beacons that airliners follow. One such program is Golden Eagle FlightPrep.

LOOK FOR LANDMARKS. If a river is so big that its width is discernible from 30,000 feet, the chances are good that you’ve heard of it. Shorelines are easy to decipher. Flights between Berlin and Stockholm, for instance, pass over a large and very striking lagoon on the coast of the Baltic Sea. This is Szczecin Bay, at the mouth of the Oder River on the Polish-German border.

ASK THE CAPTAIN. When you see something remarkable and can’t figure out what it is, flag down a flight attendant, who will probably go ask the captain, who will probably be thrilled to show off his or her geographical expertise (even if all it involves is checking the GPS system). One time I was flying north from Phoenix and noticed a gaping pit in the desert floor. A helpful flight attendant went up to the cockpit and came back with a positive ID: it was the famous Meteor Crater, formed by a cosmic impact 50,000 years ago.

WATCH THE CLOUDS. You don’t just have to look down. Some of the most interesting sights are meteorological. On any flight of more than a few hours, you’re bound to witness at least one complete frontal system, and a range of cloud formations. To keep track of the vast menagerie of clouds, get a copy of “The Cloudspotter’s Guide” by Gavin Pretor-Pinney, with extensive (and effusive) descriptions and photographs.

Microsoft lets people surf without leaving a trace

Saturday, August 30th, 2008

The next version of Microsoft Corp.’s Web browser makes it easier for people to surf the Internet without leaving a trace.

Companies that sell advertisements online, including Microsoft, can electronically gather tidbits about Web surfers’ habits and then use that information to help decide what kinds of ads to show.

However, in the newest “beta” test version of Microsoft’s forthcoming Internet Explorer 8, which was made available Wednesday, a mode called InPrivateBrowsing lets users surf without having a list of sites they visit get stored on their computers.

The program also covers other footprints, including temporary Internet files and cookies, the small data files that Web sites put on visitors’ computers to track their activities.

Both Internet Explorer 7, Microsoft’s current browser, and Mozilla’s recently released Firefox 3 allow users to block cookies. The top two browsers also let users delete private information such as temporary files and browsing history after the fact. But they can’t turn off that collection entirely.

The beta also introduces an additional InPrivateBlocking mode, which can block third-party content from appearing on Web sites. For example, a news site might carry stock quotes from one company and weather information from another. Companies that provide such content may also be collecting and sharing information about what people do online. But users who turn on InPrivateBlocking won’t see that content or be exposed to such data collection without their consent.

InPrivateBlocking can also keep some types of ads from appearing, including those served up by Microsoft’s own advertising platform, whose success is considered crucial to the software maker’s future.

JJ Richards, a general manager in Microsoft’s advertising division, responded in a statement that consumers understand that they get free content and services in exchange for advertising but want “transparency, trust and control with respect to the sites they visit.”

“If IE8 helps heighten awareness of this value exchange, that’s a step in the right direction,” he said.

Users surfing with InPrivateBlocking turned on can review a list of which companies are trying to display or collect data. Users also can click a link to read more and decide case by case whether to permit certain ones to go ahead.

“Today as a user, we have no visibility or control over how that information is shared and recorded,” said James Pratt, a product manager for IE8. “I wouldn’t put Microsoft as being the arbiter of what should and shouldn’t be tracked.”

InPrivateBlocking isn’t purely an ad-blocker by design, but publishers are still worried, said Mike Zaneis, vice president of public policy for the Internet Advertising Bureau, which represents Web publishers.

If InPrivateBlocking were widely adopted by IE8 users, small sites that rely almost exclusively on outside companies to serve ads couldn’t survive, he said. The Internet ad economy didn’t crash after ad-blocking plug-ins appeared for Firefox, but Zaneis said that may have more to do with Firefox’s much smaller market share. (Firefox’s challenge to IE has grown, however; the browser is used by more than 10 percent of Web surfers.)

If IE8 blocks programs that track how many times an ad is seen — a calculation that helps determine payments to advertisers and publishers — that could also bring down the Web ad marketplace, Zaneis noted.

“We’ll wait and see what the marketplace looks like,” he said. “I think [Microsoft] realizes, we all realize, that it’s a beta version, and it’s sure to change before it’s finalized.”

An earlier IE8 beta showed off many bells and whistles that make Web browsing easier. Since then, Microsoft said it also improved the address bar’s ability to figure out users’ intended Web destination as they type.

An improved search box also provides more content alongside suggested results. For example, an Amazon.com search for an music album, entered in the browser toolbar, populates a drop-down menu with titles, prices and thumbnails of cover art.

Microsoft would not say when it plans to release a final version of the newest browser but said this second beta is ready for average users to try.

Study: 12 percent of Indian deaths due to alcohol

Saturday, August 30th, 2008

Almost 12 percent of the deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives are alcohol-related — more than three times the percentage in the general population, a new federal report says.

The report released Thursday by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, found 11.7 percent of deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives between 2001 and 2005 were alcohol-related, compared with 3.3 percent for the U.S. as a whole.

Dwayne Jarman, a CDC epidemiologist who works for the Indian Health Service and is one of the study’s authors, said it is the first national survey that measures American Indian deaths due to alcohol. It should be a “call to action” for federal, state, local and tribal governments, he said.

The researchers obtained their statistics by analyzing death certificates over the four-year period.

The two leading causes of alcohol-related deaths among Indians were traffic accidents and alcoholic liver disease, each of which cause more than a quarter of the 1,514 alcohol-related deaths over the four-year period.

Also listed are homicide (6.6 percent of alcohol-related deaths), suicide (5.2 percent) and injuries in falls (2.2 percent).

There may be many more alcohol-related deaths than the study shows, in part because the CDC analysis did not count deaths related to some diseases for which alcohol is believed to be an important risk factor, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia and colon cancer.

The greatest number of tribal alcohol-related deaths — about a third of the total — occurred in the Northern Plains, where reservations are remote and often destitute, the study said. The lowest number of deaths were in Alaska.

Jarman said the study did not look at why there may be more deaths in the Plains but said it is consistent with previous studies.

“It may be a function of social perceptions of alcohol in that particular region,” he said. The report did not break down the numbers by tribe.

The study said more than 68 percent of the Indians whose deaths were attributed to alcohol were men, and 66 percent were people younger than 50 years old. Seven percent were less than 20 years old.

The study recommends “culturally appropriate clinical interventions” to reducing excessive drinking and better integration between tribal health care centers and tribal courts, which often deal with alcohol-related crimes.

Donovan Antelope, a spokesman for the Northern Arapaho Tribe, said alcoholism has been a problem for more than a century with many Indian populations.

“It has had a very negative impact on our day-to day life,” he said, adding that the tribe has started promoting alcohol-free events.

In general, American Indians suffer much higher death rates of most leading causes than the rest of the country. Besides alcoholism, drug use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and suicide also are high.

Stocks fall after personal income data; oil rises

Saturday, August 30th, 2008

Stocks declined unevenly Friday after the government said personal incomes fell last month by the largest amount in nearly three years while consumer spending slowed. The Dow Jones industrial average fell 100 points, while a disappointing profit report from computer maker Dell Inc. weighed on the technology-heavy Nasdaq composite index.

Meanwhile, oil prices rose as investors charted the path of Tropical Storm Gustav as it heads toward the Gulf of Mexico and its oil rigs and refineries.

Wall Street’s retreat following the downbeat news about consumers also comes after several days of sizable gains in stocks and on the final session before the long Labor Day weekend. Pre-holiday trading is generally light; therefore, some pullback was to be expected.

Still, investors were uneasy after the Commerce Department reported that personal incomes fell by 0.7 percent in July — well beyond the drop of 0.1 percent that analysts polled by Thomson IFR had predicted on average. That reflects the waning impact of tax rebate checks that Americans received this spring.

As expected, the government also said consumer spending rose a modest 0.2 percent. That was below the 0.6 percent increase seen in June and, accounting for rising prices, spending actually fell by 0.4 percent in July. Wall Street has been particularly concerned about Americans’ ability to help the economy grow, since rising prices for gas and food have strapped many household budgets.

“My biggest concern with the income data is that we’re getting off to a weak start to the third quarter,” said Robert Dye, senior economist at PNC Financial Services Group. “The income numbers are a reminder that the economy is going to look worse before it gets better.”

In late morning trading, the Dow Jones industrial average fell 102.67, or 0.88 percent, to 11,612.51. The blue chips began the session having logged a three-day advance of nearly 330 points.

Broader stock indicators also fell. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index fell 11.23, or 0.86 percent, to 1,289.45. The technology-heavy Nasdaq composite index fell 39.09, or 1.62 percent, to 2,372.55.

Declining issues outnumbered advancers by about 2 to 1 on the New York Stock Exchange, where volume came to an anemic 244.4 million shares. Trading has been light all week, prompting some observers to dismiss the market’s moves as aberrations that occur when many traders are on vacation.

Bond prices fell Friday. The 10-year note’s yield, which moves opposite its price, rose to 3.82 percent from 3.79 percent late Thursday. The dollar was mixed against other major currencies, while gold prices rose.

Light, sweet crude rose $1.65 to $117.24 per barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. So far, oil trading has been fairly orderly as Gustav progresses, although there is concern about damage from the storm or a disruption in the flow of gasoline and other fuel from Gulf Coast refineries.

With many investors fixated on the thickness of the consumers’ wallets, Wall Street showed little reaction to the Reuters/University of Michigan’s index on consumer sentiment, which rose to 63 for August from 61.2 in July, its highest level in five months. Still, most economists reason that consumers who are upbeat about their prospects are more likely to spend.

Also, investors shrugged off the Chicago Purchasing Managers’ index, which measures business conditions across Illinois, Michigan and Indiana. It jumped to 57.9 from 50.8 in July.

In corporate news, Dell fell $3.16, or 13 percent, to $22.05 after the company’s profit margins came in well below what analysts had been expecting.

The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies fell 8.26, or 1.10 percent, to 739.53.

In Tokyo, the Nikkei index rose 2.39 percent. In afternoon trading in Europe, London’s FTSE-100 index rose 0.49 percent, Frankfurt’s DAX fell 0.28 percent and the CAC-40 index in Paris rose 0.55 percent.

Scientists Track Hourly Changes in Alzheimer’s Protein

Saturday, August 30th, 2008

A group of researchers has described hourly changes in a protein in the brain that is thought to play a key role in Alzheimer’s disease.

In a 2005 study, the protein, known as amyloid beta, was directly linked to brain cell communication in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. When brain cell communication increased, so did amyloid beta. When there was reduced communication, amyloid beta decreased.

In the new study, published in the Aug. 29 issue of Science, researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and from the University of Milan sought to find out why brain injury is linked to a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

For their study, the researchers took samples of the fluid between the brain cells of 18 patients who were recovering from traumatic brain injuries or ruptured brain aneurysms. The samples were taken while the patients were in the intensive care unit, with the permission of their families.

The researchers didn’t find what they expected. Having hypothesized that brain injuries would lead to an increase in amyloid beta levels, the researchers actually found that recovery from brain injury — not the injury itself — was associated with increased amyloid beta. In other words, the better the patient’s overall neurological status, the higher his or her amyloid beta levels.

“We can’t at this point rule out a very early spike in amyloid right after a brain injury,” co-first author David L. Brody, a Washington University neurologist who treats brain injury and general neurology patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, said in a school press release. “This study is just the beginning.”

More studies are needed to find out why brain injury increases Alzheimer’s risk.

In addition to the possibility that brain injury accelerates harmful processes that cause Alzheimer’s disease, another potential explanation for the link between brain injury and Alzheimer’s is that the injury may reduce the brain’s ability to compensate for Alzheimer’s-related damage, making the symptoms appear earlier than they would otherwise.

“We haven’t measured how brain injury affects amyloid beta inside cells, nor have we determined whether brain injury affects the ability of amyloid beta to form small aggregates that may be especially harmful,” said Brody. “Our ultimate goal is to develop interventions that we can apply after a traumatic brain injury to improve outcomes and reduce the long-term risk of Alzheimer’s.”

Antipsychotic Drugs Boost Stroke Risk

Friday, August 29th, 2008

All antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of stroke, but the risk is greatest among older patients with dementia, British researchers report.

Concerns about the risk of stroke and antipsychotics were first raised in 2002, especially in people with dementia. In 2004, Britain’s Committee on Safety of Medicines recommended that antipsychotics not be used in people with dementia. And, in 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ordered manufacturers of atypical antipsychotics to add a black box warning to their products about the increased risk for stroke.

“Antipsychotics are effective in treating potentially very distressing psychiatric symptoms, but as with all drugs, their use can be associated with a range of benefits and possible side effects,” said study author Dr. Ian Douglas, a research fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “This study has further clarified the potential for antipsychotics to increase the risk of stroke.”

Both typical (first generation) and atypical (second generation) antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of stroke, Douglas said. “This risk is substantially higher in patients with dementia than those without. These findings need to be factored into prescribing decisions made by doctors caring for patients with often-distressing and difficult-to-treat psychiatric symptoms.”

For the study, Douglas and his colleague Liam Smeeth, a professor of clinical epidemiology, collected data on 6,790 patients who had suffered a stroke and were taking antipsychotic drugs. Patients taking antipsychotic drugs were 1.7 times more likely to have a stroke, and patients with dementia taking antipsychotics were 3.5 times more likely to have a stroke.

The risk for stroke was slightly higher for people taking the newer atypical antipsychotics, compared with people taking the older typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics include drugs such as Abilify, Clozaril and Zyprexa. Typical antipsychotics include Thorazine, Haldol and Clopixol.

The study authors did not look at the potential mechanisms associated with antipsychotics that cause stroke, or why the risk appears higher with atypical antipsychotics.

“We believe that the risks associated with antipsychotic use in patients with dementia generally outweigh the potential benefits, and, in this patient group, use of antipsychotic drugs should be avoided wherever possible,” Douglas said. “For other patients, careful consideration must be given to the likely individual risks and benefits of any prescribing decision.”

The findings were published online Aug. 29 in the British Medical Journal.

Dr. Sam Gandy is associate director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City, and chairman of the Alzheimer’s Association’s national medical and scientific advisory council. He said the new study addresses an “important topic and elevates the concern about risks of antipsychotics to a whole new level. The FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] might investigate whether availability limitations or warning labeling should be imposed.

After 1,500 years, pagans plan Acropolis prayer

Friday, August 29th, 2008

A small group of pagans pledged Thursday to hold a protest prayer among the ruined Acropolis temples, more than 1,500 years after Christians stamped out worship of the ancient Greek gods.

Group spokeswoman Doretta Peppa said the worshippers would pray Sunday to Athena — goddess of wisdom and patron of ancient Athens — to protect the 2,500-year-old site. Peppa said followers of the old religion object to the removal last year of hundreds of sculptural masterpieces from a tiny museum on the Acropolis to a large new building under the citadel.

In a statement, her group, Ellinais, described the landmark glass and concrete structure as “an incredible architectural monstrosity that insults (Greece’s) cultural heritage.”

The $190 million building is where Greece hopes one day to display the Elgin Marbles beside the other Parthenon sculptures. Greek officials have said it will open next month, displaying some 4,000 artifacts. The Elgin Marbles were removed from the Parthenon temple by Scottish diplomat Lord Elgin in the 19th century, when Greece was still an unwilling part of the Ottoman empire. The British Museum has repeatedly rejected Greek calls for their return.

Peppa told The Associated Press she would prefer the Acropolis sculptures to have stayed at the ancient temples — from where they were removed by Greece over the past 30 years to stop erosion from Athens‘ polluted air.

“But even if we accept a new museum was needed … it should be in a style close to that of the ancient buildings,” she said. “It’s not a museum of modern art.”

Peppa’s Athens-based group, Ellinais, is campaigning to revive ancient religion and has defied Culture Ministry bans to hold prayers at several ancient temples.

She said she would not seek state permission for the ceremony, to be held near the ancient Parthenon temple, built between 447-432 B.C. in honor of Athena.

“We will just sing three hymns. It won’t be a big ceremony,” Peppa said. “I don’t know how many of us will be there. People are afraid. The fact is that we are subject to religious persecution.”

Christianity took hold in Greece in the 4th century. Roman Emperor Theodosius wiped out the last vestige of the Olympian gods when he abolished the Olympic Games in 394 A.D. The Parthenon was converted into a Christian church in the 5th century A.D.

Designed by U.S.-based architect Bernard Tschumi in collaboration with Greece’s Michalis Photiadis, the new Acropolis museum has been criticized for its bulk and modern style.

Architects and conservationists have denounced government plans to enhance its view of the Acropolis by demolishing two elegant, early 20th-century houses — one of which belongs to Oscar-winning composer Vangelis Papathanassiou.

Lebanese officer dies in helicopter attack

Friday, August 29th, 2008

Attackers opened fire on a military helicopter Thursday, killing a Lebanese army officer and forcing the craft to make an emergency landing, a senior security official said.

Details about the incident were sketchy, but the official said the helicopter was on a training mission when it came under fire and was forced down in the southern highland region of Iqlim al Tuffah province.

No one else in the crew was hurt, he said, speaking on customary condition of anonymity in line with military regulations. The army was investigating, he said.

The area is a predominantly Shiite, apple-growing region southeast of the southern port city of Sidon, far from Lebanon’s sensitive Syrian and Israeli borders. It’s also a stronghold of Hezbollah, the Shiite Muslim group, which is believed to have bases and positions there.

The area has not had clashes between Hezbollah guerrillas and Lebanese troops in the past, and the group has verbally condemned previous attacks on the army.

The Lebanese army has clashed with Sunni militants, particularly in the north, and the military has recently been targeted.

A bus bombing earlier this month in the northern city of Tripoli killed 18 people, including 10 soldiers. Last month, unknown gunmen attacked a Lebanese military post in remote northeastern Lebanon, killing one soldier and wounding another.

US plans to close 15 Army facilities in Germany

Friday, August 29th, 2008

The U.S. Department of Defense says the United States plans to cease operations at 15 minor Army facilities in Germany amid a wider effort to realign the military’s overseas structure.

A statement Thursday says the department has determined that the facilities are surplus to requirements because of changes already carried out “and the attendant reduction in installation and personnel support requirements.”

They include barracks, family housing areas and storage areas at Idar-Oberstein, Dexheim and elsewhere. Their current annual operating costs total some $15 million

The Department of Defense says the site closures will affect 49 military personnel, 350 U.S. civilians and 140 local employees. The facilities will be returned to German authorities — many of them this year or next.

Iraqi forces starting to lead but need US aid

Thursday, August 28th, 2008

The Iraqi battalion leader huddled over the map with his American advisers, showing them how he planned to surround a Sunni enclave where al-Qaida militants were believed hiding.

The Americans nodded in approval and assured Col. Faisal Malik Mohsen the roads would be cleared of bombs. U.S. attack helicopters would provide cover to keep insurgents from escaping.

The raid last week northeast of Baghdad did not find many weapons or flush out scores of hidden fighters. But it accomplished a wider objective: taking another step toward putting Iraqi security forces in control of ground operations.

Such transitions to Iraqi command — occurring at different speeds around the country — have taken on added importance as Washington and Baghdad negotiate a pact that could have the last U.S. soldiers leaving by the end of 2011.

But they also expose the many weaknesses of the Iraqi forces that still rely on American help for everything from air support to bottled water in the field.

U.S. troops even were forced to step in and provide fuel when the National Police did not receive government allotments for about two weeks in July, leaving many units near empty.

Before the Aug. 21 raid, informants had warned that militants would likely stand and fight. The informants were wrong. Instead of bullets, the police commandos were greeted with smiles and glasses of water as they searched houses.

Two men were detained without incident and several assault rifles were seized.

Mohsen, the 42-year-old commander from the southern Shiite city of Nasiriyah, and his U.S. advisers backers acknowledged their intelligence had been faulty. The militants probably fled ahead of the operation. Still they proclaimed the raid a success because one more al-Qaida safe haven was gone.

The National Police — a 40,000-strong paramilitary force that is one of the three main pillars of the Iraqi security apparatus — have faced roadside bombs and booby-trapped houses since arriving in Diyala province late last month in the latest government effort to rout insurgents there. Five commandos have been killed and eight wounded.

U.S. officials maintain the force is improving — a necessary step before the Americans can go home. But the Iraqis are still lacking in logistical and explosives expertise as well as medical capabilities.

“When people ask what the exit strategy is, this is it,” said Col. Thearon Williams, 45, of Detroit, commander of the U.S. advisory team for the National Police. “It’s small groups of Americans living among the Iraqis and training them.”

The Iraqi security forces have enjoyed increased public confidence after a series of government offensives against Sunni and Shiite extremists that began in March in the southern city of Basra.

But U.S. forces were needed as backup in every situation and it took a Shiite militia cease-fire and Iranian intervention to stop the fierce fighting that broke out in Basra.

Anthony Cordesman of the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies warns against exaggerating the Iraqi troops’ progress, citing serious ethnic and sectarian tensions and a shortage of experienced officers.

“Both Iraqi and U.S. politicians now seem to take such reporting too seriously and be unaware of how much still needs to be done,” he said in a recent analysis.

The Aug. 21 operation showed the interplay between the Iraqis and the Americans trying to get Iraq’s forces into shape.

Before the raid, Mohsen’s American advisers told him to weigh the timing carefully. His Iraqi commanding general called him to a special meeting on the eve of the raid to make sure he was ready.

Mohsen, who is scheduled for leadership training in the United States later this year, was eager for the fight. Nevertheless, he acknowledges that his unit isn’t ready to operate alone.

“We need the Americans,” he said. “We need time. We cannot build a whole country in a few years. We complement each other.”

With the raid set to go, the national policemen in their trademark blue camouflage uniforms rolled out before dawn in blue-and-white pickups reinforced with metal sheeting and piled high with thin mattresses and plastic chairs that served as seats for the gunners.

To ensure surprise, Mohsen led a group on foot through a palm grove, while the convoy waited down the road for the go-ahead to approach the isolated Sunni hamlet of Harbatiliyah, 15 miles northeast of Baqouba. U.S. helicopters buzzed overhead.

“Everybody knows this area used to be a bunker for al-Qaida in Iraq,” Mohsen said. “But they know they can’t fight us.”

Sgt. Razzaq Latif al-Osmi, a 21-year-old newlywed from Nasiriyah, and other squadron leaders ordered their men into formation and began searching the collection of mud thatch compounds, including many houses abandoned last year after most Shiite residents were scared away.

The troops knocked politely on the gates — often welcomed by men holding out their IDs ready to be checked — then carefully picked through piles of thin mattresses, clothing and bags.

Sheiks and young men wearing yellow bands showing they’re members of a U.S.-allied Sunni group came forth to greet the police.

At one point, al-Osmi questioned a teenage boy about Saddam Hussein-era uniforms found in a closet, then patted him on the shoulder and assured him the search was for his own security.

The young squadron commander, with sweat dripping off his face as temperatures pushed to 120 degrees, said he didn’t really expect to find any weapons.

“But it’s important to send a message to the insurgents,” he said.